{"id":566,"date":"2006-03-21T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-03-20T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/blog\/?p=566"},"modified":"2010-11-11T18:27:16","modified_gmt":"2010-11-11T10:27:16","slug":"%e6%ba%ab%e5%ba%a6%e8%88%87%e9%ab%98%e5%ba%a6%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/%e6%ba%ab%e5%ba%a6%e8%88%87%e9%ab%98%e5%ba%a6%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6eab\u5ea6\u8207\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u767b\u5c71\u6642\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u8d8a\u89ba\u6dbc\u5feb\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u00a0 <\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u6c23\u7531\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c23\u58d3\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u9ad4\u7a4d\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u901f\u7387\u7d04\u70ba\u6bcf100\u7c731\u5ea6\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u4e7e\u7d55\u71b1\u905e\u6e1b\u7387\uff08dry adiabatic lapse rate\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31DALR\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5927\u5e3d\u5c71\u9802\uff08\u6d77\u62d4957\u7c73\uff09\u7684\u6c23\u6eab\u6bd4\u5730\u9762\u4f4e\u7d0410\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5047\u65bc\u7a7a\u6c23\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u98fd\u548c\uff08\u6eab\u5ea6\u964d\u81f3\u9732\u9ede\uff09\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u6c34\u6c7d\u51dd\u7d50\u653e\u51fa\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee4\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u901f\u7387\u6e1b\u6162\u81f3\u7d04\u70ba\u6bcf100\u7c730.65\u5ea6\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u6fd5\u7d55\u71b1\u905e\u6e1b\u7387\uff08saturated adiabatic lapse rate\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31SALR\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u6c23\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u5e3d\u5c71\u9802\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5730\u9762\u4f4e10\u5ea6\u3002\u5929\u6587\u53f0\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6703\u5b9a\u6642\u653e\u51fa\u6c23\u7403\uff0c\u91cf\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u6fd5\u5ea6\u53ca\u98a8\u7136\u5f8c\u7e6a\u6210\u5716\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u770b\u5230\u5927\u6c23\u6eab\u5ea6\u96a8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u74b0\u5883\u905e\u6e1b\u7387\uff08environmental lapse rate\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 ELR\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6eab\u5ea6\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u8f03\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c23\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u4fbf\u4e0b\u964d\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5047\u5982ELR>DALR\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u9762\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e0a\u5347\u6642\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c23\u6eab\u5ea6\u5e38\u8f03\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c23\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u7a4d\u96f2\u751a\u81f3\u7a4d\u96e8\u96f2\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u5927\u6c23\u7a31\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff08absolutely unstable\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u96f7\u66b4\u53ca\u66b4\u96e8\u5f62\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5047\u5982DALR>ELR>SALR\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u5927\u6c23\u7a31\u70ba\u689d\u4ef6\u6027\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff08conditionally unstable\uff09\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5047\u5982SALR>ELR\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c23\u7121\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5347\uff08\u56e0\u7a7a\u6c23\u6eab\u5ea6\u5e38\u8f03\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u4f4e\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u5927\u6c23\u7a31\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff08absolutely stable\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u6c23\u6eab\u5ea6\u96a8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9006\u6eab\u5c64\uff08inversion\uff09\u3002\u7a7a\u6c23\u7121\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u5730\u9762\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9727\u6216\u7159\u971e\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7576\u5929\u6c23\u5831\u544a\u51fa\u73fe\u300c\u4e00\u80a1\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6d77\u6d0b\u6027\u6c23\u6d41\u73fe\u6b63\u5f71\u97ff\u83ef\u5357\u6cbf\u5cb8\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u59a8\u7559\u610f\u9999\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7a7a\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316<\/a>\uff0c\u5f15\u8b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u5927\u6c23\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

登山時，高度越高越覺涼快，這是必然的嗎？  空氣由地面上升，由於氣壓減少，體積膨脹，於是溫度下降。下降的速率約為每100米1度，稱為乾絕熱遞減率（dry adiabatic lapse rate，簡稱DALR）。因此理論上大帽山頂（海拔957米）的氣溫比地面低約10度。 假於空氣在上升的過程中出現飽和（溫度降至露點），空氣中水汽凝結放出熱量，令溫度下降的速率減慢至約為每100米0.65度，稱為濕絕熱遞減率（saturated adiabatic lapse rate，簡稱SALR）。 實際情況是，大氣溫度不斷變化，因此大帽山頂溫度不一定比地面低10度。天文台每天都會定時放出氣球，量度不同高度的溫度、濕度及風然後繪成圖表，我們便可看到大氣溫度隨高度而變化的情況，稱為環境遞減率（environmental lapse rate，簡稱 ELR）。 空氣的密度與溫度成反比。因此空氣上升的過程中，假如較環境溫度為高，空氣將繼續上升，相反便下降。 假如ELR>DALR，當地面空氣上升時，空氣溫度常較環境溫度為高，空氣持續上升，形成龐大的積雲甚至積雨雲，此時的大氣稱為絕對不穩定（absolutely unstable），對雷暴及暴雨形成非常有利。 假如DALR>ELR>SALR，此時的大氣稱為條件性不穩定（conditionally unstable），香港大部分時間都處於這個情況。 假如SALR>ELR，空氣無法上升（因空氣溫度常較環境溫度為低），此時的大氣稱為絕對穩定（absolutely stable）。 某些情況下，大氣溫度隨高度而上升，形成逆溫層（inversion）。空氣無法上升，加上污染物被困在地面附近，形成霧或煙霞。 以後當天氣報告出現「一股不穩定海洋性氣流現正影響華南沿岸」時，大家不妨留意香港高空的溫度變化，引證一下大氣的穩定性。<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=566"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":752,"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/566\/revisions\/752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.weather.org.hk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}